Raspi-image-spec/README.md

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# Raspberry Pi 3 image spec
This repository contains the files with which the image referenced at
https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi3 has been built.
## Option 1: Downloading an image
See https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi3#Preview_image for where to obtain the latest pre-built image.
## Option 2: Building your own image
If you prefer, you can build a Debian buster Raspberry Pi 3 image
yourself. If you are reading this document online, you should first
clone this repository:
```shell
git clone --recursive https://github.com/Debian/raspi3-image-spec
cd raspi3-image-spec
```
For this you will first need to install `vmdb2`. As of July 2018, this
repository still ships vmdb2, but will probably be deprecated in the
future. You can choose:
<!-- - `vmdb2` is available as a package for Testing and Unstable. If your -->
<!-- Debian system is either, quite probably installing it systemwide is -->
<!-- the easiest and most recommended way. -->
- `vmdb2` is available as a package for Debian Testing and
Unstable. However, we require at least [one
feature](http://git.liw.fi/vmdb2/commit/?id=474cd53826fda5a571cca8b5dda7cf949291dd62)
that has not been included in any of the releases uploaded to
Debian.
Therefore, `vmdb2` is presented as a submodule in this
project. First install the
[requirements](http://git.liw.fi/vmdb2/tree/README) of `vmdb2`:
```shell
apt install kpartx parted qemu-utils qemu-user-static python3-cliapp \
python3-jinja2 python3-yaml
```
Note that `python3-cliapp` is not available in Stretch, but as it
does not carry any dependencies, can be manually installed by
[fetching its .deb package ](https://packages.debian.org/buster/python3-cliapp)
and installing it manually.
Then edit [raspi3.yaml](raspi3.yaml) to select the Debian repository that you
want to use:
- The images now build correctly with the main repository! If you want
to build your image following the regular Testing (*buster*)
distribution, leave `raspi3.yaml` as it is
- Stable (*stretch*) is not supported, as we require linux ≥ 4.14
and raspi3-firmware ≥ 1.20171201-1.
- Testing is, however, constantly changing. You might want to choose a
specific point in its history to build with. To do this, locate the
line with `qemu-debootstrap: buster` in `raspi3.yaml`. Change
`mirror: http://deb.debian.org/debian` to a known-good point in
time. One such point can be `mirror:
https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20181204T164956Z/ `.
- Due to a
[missing feature](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=763419)
on snapshots, to make the build work, you have to disable an
expiration check by APT. To do so, edit raspi3.yaml to replace
all `apt-get` invocations with `apt-get -o
Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false`
Once you have edited raspi3.yaml, you can generate the image by
issuing the following:
```shell
umask 022
sudo env -i LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 PATH="/usr/sbin:/sbin:$PATH" \
./vmdb2/vmdb2 --rootfs-tarball=raspi3.tar.gz --output \
raspi3.img raspi3.yaml --log raspi3.log
```
## Installing the image onto the Raspberry Pi 3
Plug an SD card which you would like to entirely overwrite into your SD card reader.
Assuming your SD card reader provides the device `/dev/sdb`
(**Beware** If you choose the wrong device, you might overwrite
important parts of your system. Double check it's the correct
device!), copy the image onto the SD card:
```shell
sudo dd if=raspi3.img of=/dev/sdb bs=64k oflag=dsync status=progress
```
Then, plug the SD card into the Raspberry Pi 3 and power it up.
The image uses the hostname `rpi3`, so assuming your local network
correctly resolves hostnames communicated via DHCP, you can log into
your Raspberry Pi 3 once it booted:
```shell
ssh root@rpi3
# Enter password “raspberry”
```
Note that the default firewall rules only allow SSH access from the local
network. If you wish to enable SSH access globally, first change your root
password using `passwd`. Next, issue the following commands as root to remove
the corresponding firewall rules:
```shell
iptables -F INPUT
ip6tables -F INPUT
```
This will allow SSH connections globally until the next reboot. To make this
persistent, remove the lines containing "REJECT" in `/etc/iptables/rules.v4` and
`/etc/iptables/rules.v6`.