133 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
133 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
# Raspberry Pi image specs
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This repository contains the files with which the images referenced at
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https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPiImages have been built.
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## Option 1: Downloading an image
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See https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPiImages for where to obtain the
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latest pre-built image.
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## Option 2: Building your own image
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If you prefer, you can build a Debian buster Raspberry Pi image
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yourself. If you are reading this document online, you should first
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clone this repository:
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```shell
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git clone --recursive https://salsa.debian.org/raspi-team/image-specs.git
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cd image-specs
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```
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For this you will first need to install the following packages on a
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Debian Bullseye (11) or higher system:
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* binfmt-support
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* bmap-tools
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* debootstrap
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* dosfstools
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* fakemachine (optional, only available on amd64)
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* kpartx
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* qemu-utils
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* qemu-user-static
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* time
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* vmdb2 (>= 0.17)
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To install these (as root):
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```shell
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apt install -y vmdb2 dosfstools qemu-utils qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support time kpartx bmap-tools
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apt install -y fakemachine
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```
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If debootstrap still fails with exec format error, try
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running `dpkg-reconfigure qemu-user-static`. This calls
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`/var/lib/dpkg/info/qemu-user-static.postinst` which uses binfmt-support
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to register the executable format with /usr/bin/qemu-$fmt-static
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This repository includes a master YAML recipe (which is basically a
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configuration file) for all of the generated images, diverting as
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little as possible in a parametrized way. The master recipe is
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[raspi_master.yaml](raspi_master.yaml).
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A Makefile is supplied to drive the build of the recipes into images.
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If `fakemachine` is installed, it can be run as an unprivileged user.
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Otherwise, because some steps of building the image require root privileges,
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you'll need to execute `make` as root.
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The argument to `make` is constructed as follows:
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`raspi_<model>_<release>.<result-type>`
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Whereby <model\> is one of `1`, `2`, `3` or `4`, <release\> is either `buster`
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or `bullseye` and <result-type\> is `img` or `yaml`.
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Model `1` should be used for the Raspberry Pi 0, 0w and 1, models A and
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B. Model `2` for the Raspberry Pi 2 models A and B. Model `3` for all
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models of the Raspberry Pi 3 and model `4` for all models of the
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Raspberry Pi 4.
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So if you want to build the default image for a Raspberry Pi 3B+ with
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Bullseye, you can just issue:
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```shell
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make raspi_3_bullseye.img
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```
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This will first create a `raspi_3_bullseye.yaml` file and then use that
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*yaml* recipe to build the image with `vmdb2`.
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You can also edit the `yaml` file to customize the built image. If you
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want to start from the platform-specific recipe, you can issue:
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```shell
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make raspi_3_bullseye.yaml
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```
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The recipe drives [vmdb2](https://vmdb2.liw.fi/), the successor to
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`vmdebootstrap`. Please refer to [its
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documentation](https://vmdb2.liw.fi/documentation/) for further details;
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it is quite an easy format to understand.
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Copy the generated file to a name descriptive enough for you (say,
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`my_raspi_bullseye.yaml`). Once you have edited the recipe for your
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specific needs, you can generate the image by issuing the following (as
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root):
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```shell
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vmdb2 --rootfs-tarball=my_raspi_bullseye.tar.gz --output \
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my_raspi_bullseye.img my_raspi_bullseye.yaml --log my_raspi_bullseye.log
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```
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This is, just follow what is done by the `_build_img` target of the
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Makefile.
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## Installing the image onto the Raspberry Pi
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Plug an SD card which you would like to entirely overwrite into your SD card reader.
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Assuming your SD card reader provides the device `/dev/mmcblk0`
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(**Beware** If you choose the wrong device, you might overwrite
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important parts of your system. Double check it's the correct
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device!), copy the image onto the SD card:
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```shell
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bmaptool copy raspi_3_bullseye.img.xz /dev/mmcblk0
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```
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Alternatively, if you don't have `bmap-tools` installed, you can use
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`dd` with the compressed image:
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```shell
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xzcat raspi_3_bullseye.img | dd of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=64k oflag=dsync status=progress
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```
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Or with the uncompressed image:
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```shell
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dd if=raspi_3_bullseye.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=64k oflag=dsync status=progress
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```
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Then, plug the SD card into the Raspberry Pi, and power it up.
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The image uses the hostname `rpi0w`, `rpi2`, `rpi3`, or `rpi4` depending on the
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target build. The provided image will allow you to log in with the
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`root` account with no password set, but only logging in at the
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physical console (be it serial or by USB keyboard and HDMI monitor).
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